Storms

Storms ( วาตวัย )

Storms is

Storms means. Disasters caused by hurricane force winds. Cause damage to buildings, trees and buildings. In Thailand, windstorm or hurricane force winds are caused by natural phenomena is a national playoff.

1.Including depression tropical cyclone tropical storm typhoon

2. Storms often occur during the summer months of March and April. It occurs frequently in the North and Northeast. Central and eastern parts. There will be a few times over. For the South, it can happen, but not frequently. Takes place in the summer by storm. That is swelter during several consecutive days. Then a stream of high pressure air blowing in China clash Rain causes stormy windy. And may have hail damage in a wide area that is approximately 20 to 30 square kilometers.

3.Tornado (Terry Manado), a severe storm caused a small circulation. The wind under a cloud formation in the set. Cloud or thunderstorm. (Lower Nimbus cloud accumulator) with a low cloud base. Vortices with wind speed is high. The air flow was docked up to the sky. Or broken down from the clouds like a chimney or tentacles extended. If the ground is damaging the tree houses and buildings have. In Thailand, often resulting vortices. Attunement ground is largely up to the base of the cloud. And occurs infrequently they occur in a confined space and have a short period of time, thus causing damage in some areas.

In major hurricane happening where and when

1. Storm of tropical storm "Harriet," which peaked Rams district Pakphanang province on 25 October 2505 to the death of 870 people lost 160 people, injured 422 people homeless, 16,170 people, property loss is around 960. million baht

2. Storm of typhoon "Gay" is swept into the province on Nov. 4, 2532 windstorm was measured at 

120 km / h, 5,495 people died, 602 people were injured, 61,258 houses were damaged after a property loss estimated. 11,739,595,265 baht

3.Hurricane typhoon Linda. From November 2 to November 4, 2540, causing flooding and damage from storm waves washing ashore in the 11 provinces of the south and east in November 2532.

Figure 4 storm damage gay. The province.

What are the dangers of a hurricane

Harm caused by the storms and strong winds. The resulting damage

Onshore

     Trees uprooted. Trees over houses collapsed. People were wounded to death. Plantations. Very heavy losses.

Unhealthy homes. Unable to resist the violence of the wind had broken locomotives. Made with zinc roofs being blown open. Roof tiles carded. Harm to those in the open, telegraph poles, electricity poles, telephone poles, power lines fall short circuit caused the fire. People died of electric shock. People living by the sea. Houses are covered with the waves. And swept into the sea. Many people drowned in the sea. Heavy rain all day and all night. Flooding to come. Cataract from the mountain flows down severely flooded homes, roads and farmland greenhouse gardens.

Transportation railroad bridges and roads were cut off.

In Sea

     Windswept waves are very large ships may be big blow to the shore or the reef sank.

All boats should keep ashore or avoid sailing near the storm center. Has made ​​big waves washing ashore at high tide flooding. Dwellings along the ocean and sweep the building may not fit into the sea. Coastal fishing boats were destroyed.

Preparing for hurricane protection required, however

Preparation for and during a hurricane

1. Follow news like bad weather warnings from the Department of Meteorology.

2. Preparing radio and communications equipment. Battery type battery. To catch up in case of power outages.

2. Cutting branches or twigs may be rolled from the storm. The branches to be deducted over the house power lines, trees, dead trees should be cut down waste management.

4. Poles and power lines in and out of the house to order. If the bond is not strong poles for stability.

5. Stay stable over time while building a windstorm. Do not come out in the open. Because trees and branches may be cut down over it. Including zinc and tiles are blown by the wind to do harm.

6th. Shut all the windows. Including door and window to the strong. If the window is not strong. Using no more leaning close the door hit the nail fixation. Windows will be more secure.

7. Preventing wind and channel it through various winds cause damage.

8. Prepare lanterns, flashlights and matches them with. Keep close at hand. When the power goes out it will be available in a timely manner, and all equipment with clean water and cover weights.

9. Prepare backup. Canned food to sustain you for the duration of 2-3 days.

10. Extinguish the fireplace before the operation, and should be equipped with a fire extinguisher.

11. Prepare medical supplies.

12. Items should be in the low I may be missing. Fracture damage.

13. Those rafts down firmly anchor fixation strength.

14.If the vehicle or vehicles should be prepared for the storm and may have to take the patient to the hospital should be able to fill up the gas tank at all times.

15. Was calm and then have to wait at least 3 hours if winds reach this stage, and no recurrence. To trust that the storm has passed, because when the storm center passed to the strong winds and heavy rain for about two hours ago.

16. Recovered strongly in the decision. To harm the family crisis. The weather forecast calls the phone number 398-9830, 399-4012-3.

When the storm calmed

1. Upon immediately help the wounded and taken to hospital or medical center as fast as possible.

2. Nearby tree will fall immediately to topple down. Otherwise, Subversion will break later.

3.If a power pole fell. Do not approach or touch the cord itself. Danger mark. 4 let staff handle food or electricians. Do not touch the metal conductor of electricity.

4. Turns out that any of the plumbing. To notify the authorities immediately.

5. Do not use tap water. The water may not be pure. Due to burst pipe or flooding. If you drink tap water as it may cause the disease. The drinking water supply before the scene instead.

6. Problems in public health that may occur.

Control disease outbreaks have the potential

1.Clean water such as chlorine, alum and lime.

2.Removal using lime or liquid stools Seoul Lite 5% odor removal and disinfection.

3.Vehicle removal such as mosquitoes, flies and disease using insecticides.

Diseases that usually occur after a hurricane

1.Respiratory diseases such as colds.

3.Infectious and parasitic diseases such as leptospirosis, etc. purulent inflammation.

3.Skin diseases such as eczema, etc. Water Co. water.

4.Diseases of the gut such as diarrhea.

5.Mental conditions such as stress.

Earthquake

Earthquake ( แผ่นดินไหว )

    An earthquake (also known as a quake , tremor or temblor ) is the result of a sudden release of energy in the Earth's crust that creates seismic waves.

    Earthquakes are measured using observations from seismometers. The moment magnitude is the most common scale on which earthquakes larger than approximately 5 are reported for the entire globe. The more numerous earthquakes smaller than magnitude 5 reported by national seismological observatories are measured mostly on the local magnitude scale, also referred to as the Richter scale.These two scales are numerically similar over their range of validity.Magnitude 3 or lower earthquakes are mostly almost imperceptible or weak and magnitude 7 and over potentially cause serious damage over larger areas, depending on their depth.The largest earthquakes in historic times have been of magnitude slightly over 9, although there is no limit to the possible magnitude.The most recent large earthquake of magnitude 9.0 or larger was a 9.0 magnitude earthquake in Japan in 2011 (as of October 2012), and it was the largest Japanese earthquake since records began.Intensity of shaking is measured on the modified Mercalli scale. The shallower an earthquake, the more damage to structures it causes, all else being equal. At the Earth's surface, earthquakes manifest themselves by shaking and sometimes displacement of the ground. When the epicenter of a large earthquake is located offshore, the seabed may be displaced sufficiently to cause a tsunami. Earthquakes can also trigger landslides, and occasionally volcanic activity.

Naturally occurring earthquakes

     Tectonic earthquakes occur anywhere in the earth where there is sufficient stored elastic strain energy to drive fracture propagation along a fault plane. The sides of a fault move past each other smoothly and aseismically only if there are no irregularities or asperities along the fault surface that increase the frictional resistance. Most fault surfaces do have such asperities and this leads to a form of stick-slip behaviour. Once the fault has locked, continued relative motion between the plates leads to increasing stress and therefore, stored strain energy in the volume around the fault surface. This continues until the stress has risen sufficiently to break through the asperity, suddenly allowing sliding over the locked portion of the fault, releasing the stored energy. This energy is released as a combination of radiated elastic strain seismic waves , frictional heating of the fault surface, and cracking of the rock, thus causing an earthquake.This process of gradual build-up of strain and stress punctuated by occasional sudden earthquake failure is referred to as the elastic-rebound theory .It is estimated that only 10 percent or less of an earthquake's total energy is radiated as seismic energy.Most of the earthquake's energy is used to power the earthquake fracture growth or is converted into heat generated by friction.Therefore, earthquakes lower the Earth's available elastic potential energy and raise its temperature, though these changes are negligible compared to the conductive and convective flow of heat out from the Earth's deep interior.

Induced seismicity

     While most earthquakes are caused by movement of the Earth's tectonic plates , human activity can also produce earthquakes.Four main activities contribute to this phenomenon: storing large amounts of water behind a dam (and possibly building an extremely heavy building ), drilling and injecting liquid into wells , and by coal mining and oil drilling. Perhaps the best known example is the 2008 Sichuan earthquake in China's Sichuan Province in May; this tremor resulted in 69,227 fatalities and is the 19th deadliest earthquake of all time.The Zipingpu Dam is believed to have fluctuated the pressure of the fault 1,650 feet (503 m) away; this pressure probably increased the power of the earthquake and accelerated the rate of movement for the fault.The greatest earthquake in Australia's history is also claimed to be induced by humanity, through coal mining. The city of Newcastle was built over a large sector of coal mining areas.The earthquake has been reported to be spawned from a fault that reactivated due to the millions of tonnes of rock removed in the mining process.

Effects of earthquakes

Shaking and ground rupture

    Shaking and ground rupture are the main effects created by earthquakes, principally resulting in more or less severe damage to buildings and other rigid structures.The severity of the local effects depends on the complex combination of the earthquake magnitude , the distance from the epicenter , and the local geological and geomorphological conditions, which may amplify or reduce wave propagation.The ground-shaking is measured by ground acceleration.Ground rupture is a visible breaking and displacement of the Earth's surface along the trace of the fault, which may be of the order of several metres in the case of major earthquakes.Ground rupture is a major risk for large engineering structures such as dams , bridges and nuclear power stations and requires careful mapping of existing faults to identify any which are likely to break the ground surface within the life of the structure.

Landslides and avalanches

     Earthquakes, along with severe storms, volcanic activity, coastal wave attack, and wildfires, can produce slope instability leading to landslides, a major geological hazard.Landslide danger may persist while emergency personnel are attempting rescue.

Fires

      Earthquakes can cause fires by damaging electrical power or gas lines.In the event of water mains rupturing and a loss of pressure, it may also become difficult to stop the spread of a fire once it has started.For example, more deaths in the 1906 San Francisco earthquake were caused by fire than by the earthquake itself.

Soil liquefaction

      Soil liquefaction occurs when, because of the shaking, water-saturated granular material (such as sand) temporarily loses its strength and transforms from a solid to a liquid. Soil liquefaction may cause rigid structures, like buildings and bridges, to tilt or sink into the liquefied deposits. For example, in the 1964 Alaska earthquake, soil liquefaction caused many buildings to sink into the ground, eventually collapsing upon themselves.

Tsunami

         Tsunamis are long-wavelength, long-period sea waves produced by the sudden or abrupt movement of large volumes of water.In the open ocean the distance between wave crests can surpass 100 kilometers (62 mi), and the wave periods can vary from five minutes to one hour.Such tsunamis travel 600-800 kilometers per hour (373–497 miles per hour), depending on water depth.Large waves produced by an earthquake or a submarine landslide can overrun nearby coastal areas in a matter of minutes.Tsunamis can also travel thousands of kilometers across open ocean and wreak destruction on far shores hours after the earthquake that generated them.

Human impacts

An earthquake may cause injury and loss of life, road and bridge damage, general property damage (which may or may not be covered by earthquake insurance ), and collapse or destabilization (potentially leading to future collapse) of buildings.The aftermath may bring disease , lack of basic necessities, and higher insurance premiums.

Conflagration

Conflagration ( อัคคีภัย )

      Conflagration   mean  danger caused by the lack of supervision. Cause infections to spread along with the fuel ignition. Condition is more serious if the fire burns the fuel augment Or fuel vapor ejected much heat would be even more. The loss of property and life.

The cause of the conflagration

          The cause of the fire that caused the spread of large fires that may occur for two major features.
The cause of the fire caused by the accident. The cause of the fire caused by the negligence, recklessness or contingent.
The cause of the fire as a result of intentional arson or sabotage. Due to the incentive value of the stimulus that caused the arson. Possibly due to the bugs.
Cause of fire caused by negligence. Recklessness. In this case, it is divided into two main issues have issues.
Recklessness that fueled the spread. In such cases, this is due to make things as fuel. Substances which are flammable, combustible or flame spread when exposed to heat, it will be the cause of a fire, for example, in the presence of solvent vapors. Or fuel distribution. When exposed to a heat source such as a smoking area, it will cause a fire.
Careless use of fire and heat. In this case, too, the heat source, which may be in a different format, such as heating and electrical connection of the furnace so that the heat source in contact with the fuel in proper working condition. It is the cause of the fire, for example, linking with sparks of electricity. Or gas to fall in a pile of scrap wood or cloth caused the smoldering flames of fire.

conflagration origin

Sources of fire ignition causes of the causes and sources vary as follows.
1.Electrical equipment
2.Smoking or lighting.
3.The friction of the engine.
4.Heating
5.Objects with hot surfaces such as steel, steam pipes were burned.
6.Furnace, with no flame, no lid or cover.
7.Welding and Cutting.
8.Burn yourself. Caused by the accumulation of some substances such as waste coal drying will cause heat to build up in itself. Until the ignition.
9.Caused by arson.
10.Sparks caused by equipment failure.
11.Metal or molten material.
12.Electrostatic
13.Chemical reaction of some species such as sodium, potassium, phosphorus, when exposed to air, water or other materials. Cause a burn.
14.Atmospheres containing contaminants caused the explosion.
15.From other causes.

The effects of conflagration

         Results directly from fire, resulting in injuries and loss of life due to the heat. Damage to the building. Machinery and equipment to the fire damage to the industry. Mechanical damage to the cost of rebuilt or supply new machines to replace the old one.

To prevent and reduce losses from fire

       1. Successfully organized means to prevent contact spread. By organized storage. Chemical properties that will fire easily according to the storage. The material properties inside and outside the building before the operation. Accumulated fuel without exceeding the limit. Because when fires inevitably results in more aggressive.
       2.Surveillance, maintenance means getting rid of the cause in the distribution of fuels and heating fuels, such as surveillance of various leakage flow and control the occurrence and distribution of thermal heating.

      3.Discipline means compliance with laws and regulations relating to fire protection, such as a place to hold a fire extinguisher.

      4.Good cooperation means to study cognition in preventing and extinguishing. By practicing the use of equipment and tools used in firefighting. And training in the implementation of emergency on fire.

Data of Facebook

Data  of  Facebook

What is Facebook.

      Facebook is a service available on the internet. To enable users to communicate and participate in any activity activities. One or the other. Activities with other Facebook users, whether it is a set of points in Q to post picture post video clips. Write an article or blog. A live chat. Play games as a group. (It is so popular), and can also do other activities. Through an application added. (Applications) are many. Which an application has been developed to increase Added continually.

 

      Facebook is a social network that has been more popular in the world. If overseas. The greatness of facebook over again, but in our Hi5 Hi5 also dominate the will of the social network in Thailand, among others.

The history of facebook.

Mark Zuckerburg launched the site facebook on year 2548.

      On 4 February AD 2548 Mark Zuckerburg launched the web site of facebook social network, which was then open to only students of Harvard University only. And this is up in the blink of an eye. Just launched in two weeks. Half of the students who study at Harvard University. I subscribe to gain access to facebook and overwhelming. And on hearing this news. Other universities. In the Boston area began demanding. And would like to use my facebook as well. Mark has been invited to his name, Dustin Moskowitz and Christ Hughes to help build a facebook and a period of 4 months after that facebook has added more than 30 members of the University.

What is Facebook Profile Facebook.

      Initial ideas for facebook name comes from the old school in high school, Mark. The name Phillips Exeter Academy at this school. The book is a book called The Exeter Face Book, which will forward the same to the other students in the class have friends who face book then this really is a book only. So on day one. Mark has changed and brought it into the world of the Internet.

The term Facebook came from a book called The Exeter Face Book.

     When this is achieved, both Dustin and Mark Hughes moved out to Palo Alto in the summer and go for a nice apartment in one of the two weeks. Mark had to talk to Sean Parker (Sean Parker), one of the co-founder of Napster thereafter. Parker moved to work with Mark in apartments. By Parker helped introduced to investors, the first of which is Peter Thiele (Peter Thiel), one of the co-founder of Paypal and CEO of The Founders Fund by Peter invested in facebook in the amount of U.S. $ 500,000.

     With millions of members. Made by several companies interested in friendster facebook facebook trying to buy a U.S. $ 10 million in federal money last year. Since 2548, however, rejected a proposal to facebook. And received additional funding from Accel Partners is a USD 12.4 billion at the time of the evaluation is that facebook is worth about 100 million U.S. dollars.

Facebook also has been growing over time.

What is Facebook.

     facebook is growing. Until September last year. Prof. The school opened in 2549 in high school. Join usable. And in the next facebook added a new function. Can provide. I have pictures to share. This function has been overwhelming popularity. In November the spring scrape facebook to get money from the additional investment of Greylock Partners, Meritech Capital Investor along with the first set of Accel Partners and Peter Thiele is amounting to 25 million U.S. dollars.

     Value valuation at the time was 525 million dollars, then facebook is open to organizations or companies to provide access to facebook and create a network different, which in turn businesses than 20,000 have come into use. And finally in the year. Prof. 2550 facebook was open to anyone with email. Have access. This is the era of the common man. Not that anyone was able to use facebook only have email only.

     In the summer of 2550 that Yahoo tried to buy facebook with a limit of 1,000 million U.S. dollars. It was reported that Mark had made a verbal agreement to sell that will allow facebook to Yahoo and just a few days later, Yahoo's stock has risen ever. That offer has been negotiated to just 800 million. Mark the rejected the proposal immediately after the later of Yahoo have tried to offer up to U.S. $ 1,000 million mark again, this time rejecting Yahoo was once famous in a bad way and that. Business is not the first to make a mark immediately reject Proposed Acquisition. I have not ever tried to buy facebook Viacom company with 750 million credit facility. And refused to go in March 2550.

     Have another one that does not flow very slowly for facebook has been debating heavily on Social Network was named ConnectU founders of ConnectU, a classmate with Mark. Zach Kern PA Howard. Mark has been accused of stealing the source code from their facebook event for this fall has been to court. And now, to successfully resolve disputes.

Various social network logos.

       Although the dispute. This is also driving the growth of the next facebook. In the fall the year 2551 facebook members to register more than 1 million per week. Average is at 200,000 people, which together make facebook has grown to 50 million people by facebook, with visitors averaging 40,000 million page views per month from the first day that facebook is a social network for college students, until Today members of the facebook 11% older than 35 years and a member of over 30 years came up for facebook a lot more than this facebook also tremendous growth in overseas markets, with 15% of the members are people. in Canada. It is reported that out. The average number of members who use facebook is that 19 minutes per day per person by facebook are the sites with the most active being the sixth of the United States and is the site that has the upload highest number four. One thousand billion.

     Number of these statistics. Microsoft has invested in facebook amounting to 240 million U.S. dollars. In exchange for a share of 1.6% in October 2551, making a total of 15,000 million facebook and facebook is an Internet company that was valued as high as # 5 among Internet companies in the United States. With annual revenues worth just $ 150 million. Many have described. Microsoft made this decision in order to defeat a rival to Google, which is purchased on the same facebook facebook competition is MySpace, Bebo, Friendster, LinkedIn, Tagged, Hi5, Piczo, and Open Social.

Data of google

Data of Google

      Lookups Google (www.Google.com) is a website that provides information on the world of the Internet. Search by message. Or characters typed. I find the image or web page to display relevant Google websites have been very popular among Internet users to search for information.

       Google site search is divided into four categories, with each category are as follows.

 Web (Web) to find information in the form of websites around the world by the display will show a site that contains a Keyword in the website.

 Pictures (Images) to find the image of the translation of the Keyword.

 News (News) to find the content in the news. Which the anonymous author news, headline, date and time to post news.

 Web Directory (Web Directory) Google has classified the sites into categories. You can search the web for that topic by category exists at all.

How to use Google search data to the missile.

        Search by Keyword are most often used as a tool in the formal search only. But if we use some with friends. It will narrow down the scope of Google's search, we have information that needs more. Mark that can be helped in the search as follows.

        Search with the plus (+) perfect for Keyword search is to connect with nature. The principle function of Google, then Google will not search for the type of connection, such as at, with, on, what, when, where, how, the, to, of, although these will be identified in the Keyword with them.

        So if we want to make Google search with these words. Due to the importance of the sentences that we want. + Can be used to help with the condition that the earlier mark has a space + 1 space for example if you want to find a site about the game called Age of Empire, if we print the Keyword ... Age of Empire ... Google will make. Find a word is regardless of Age or Empire just might find one, but if we determine that Age + of Empire Google to search all the Age, of Empire, and so on.

Preview the condition (+).

      Search with the minus sign (-) will allow us to cut what we do not want. Or be related to, for example, if we want to find a site about rafting. I do not want. Rafting with us Tak Print this Keyword rafting - Tak (like the earlier mark with + spaces) Google will then search the site for rafting. But Tak involved.

Preview the conditions (-).

     Search with quotes ("...") for the Keyword search is a verb phrase. We want it to display all the words in a sentence without the word as if we want to find a site about the song called If I Let You Go, type "If I Let You Go" Google will find the sentence "If I. Let You Go "as a sentence without the word search.

Preview the condition ("...").       Search Google with the word OR is ordered to find more information if we want to find a site about rafting. In Tak Province. And Prachinburi us Print this Keyword rafting Prachinburi Tak OR Google will then search the site for rafting in Kanchanaburi and Tak. Preview the conditions (OR).

Computer Network

Computer  Network

The definition of a computer network.
Computer Networking (Computer Network) to connect two or more computers together with a cable. Or other media. Enables computers to transfer information to each other in case of a connection between multiple computers. Machine to a large central computer. We refer to this as the central host computer (Host) and a small computer connected to the client (Client) network (Network) to link computers together to communicate. We can send building. Or across the city to the other side of the world. The data. All text, images, audio could be causing this. Quickly to users. The ability of these computer networks are important. And necessary for the use in various circles.
Why do we have to use the network. Computer system or network. We take a computer connection. We will take advantage of the system. What can or can not do. The use of resources. PC compatible (Resources Sharing) has helped. Cost. And increase ease of use, such as the use of space on the hard disk. And printer sharing to manage the operation of any computer. From the center (Centralized Management) as a Kraftwerk newsgroups. The right to access information. And can make a backup of each machine. Able to communicate. Within the network. (Communication) can take many forms such as email, chat (Chat), a teleconference. (Teleconference), and teleconferencing visual (Video Conference) the security of the data on the network (Network Security) as to identify those who have access to information in different levels of protection that are not permitted. Access to information. And provide protection. Important information. Provides endless entertainment. (Entertainment), as can be fun to play with many players. Also known as multi-player (Multi Player) is becoming popular in this time.
Common Internet applications (Internet Sharing) is connected to the Internet. From one machine on the network. Account with just one account. It gives the user many more. In the same network. Can use the Internet. With a virtual account.
Etc..
Network types.
Network To call a variety of ways, such as a connection (Topology) as a bus (bus), a star (star), ring (ring) or be raised by longtime size. Or the distance of the system as a LAN (LAN), WAN (WAN), Manchester (MAN) is a network technology that can also be referred to as divisions. In data transmission networks such as TCP / IP, network, IPX, SNA network or by the type of data. With transmission. Such a network. Audio and video.
We can also identify the network. The group used a network such as the Internet (Internet), extranet (Extranet), intranet (Intranet), Virtual Private Network (Virtual Private Network) or by way of physical connections. Such as fiber-optic network, dial-up network, wireless network, etc. to see that we can identify. Network But we will talk about ways to reach that network in any aspects, we classify the network. The third method is a popular way to form connections (Topology), communication patterns (Protocol), and network architecture. (Architecture).
Distribution network. Form connections (Topology) indicates the patterns that connect devices. The network together. The third method is popular formats.

A bus

    Networks BUS topology is the topology model that has been the most popular source. From past to present. One reason is to be able to install, maintain and install equipment more easily. Does not require complicated techniques. Behavior of the network topology BUS is all devices or nodes each node. The network will be connected to the main line, called "bus" (BUS), when a node needs to send data to another node. Within the network. Information from the sender node. Is sent to the bus. In the form of a package. Each package will contain the location of Sender and receiver and internal communications bus cable can be two separate directions at the two sides of the bus to the end of the second side of the bus to see Boone Terminator (Terminator) acts absorption signal. To prevent signal reflection data. Access to the bus. Prevents collision of signals traveling on the other bus. Signal from the sender node. Upon entering the bus will flow through to the end of the second side of the bus, each node is connected to the bus. Will check to see if the destination. Package that comes with it. With their position or not. If yes, it will get that data into the node, but if not I will leave it to signal that all the nodes in the network can recognize the signs BUS data. But only a single node with the destination node. To get more of it.

Control BUS communication network has two types of central control. (Centralized), which has one node. Serves as the control center for communication within the network. This is mostly a file server. Distributed control. (Distributed) every node in the network. Will have the right to control the communications control center instead of just a single node. In general, a pair of nodes that are sending - get to the User to control the communication at that time, the advantages and disadvantages of bus topology.

A Star

      The principle of sending and receiving data. Unlike the phone system. The control is done by a central station. Acts as a switch. All data on the network. Must pass a computer center (Center Comtuper) as a link of communication. That looks like a star (STAR) multi-pointed star with a central or hub via a point contact between all the nodes in the network, the center has served as the control center for all communications. In addition, the center also serves. Data-centric as well.

Internal communication network is second to STAR direction to allow only a single node only. Can send data to the network. So many chances. Node sends data into the network at the same time. To prevent the collision of data signals STAR network topology is the one that is commonly used today. Advantages of the STAR network, network setup and maintenance easier. If there are any nodes damaged. It can be easily verified. Central node and can be cut off from communication. In the network.

A Ring

     RING network sends a message sent over the network. Information flows in the network. In the same direction as the ring or the RING itself without end. Terminator names or dates. Like a BUS network on each node or station. Miri is the first node to which the router will act any more necessary to communicate. In the header of the data package. For sending information from nodes. And is responsible for the data package. Flowing through the communication line. To verify that the data Sent to the node or not. If yes, it will copy all the data. Forwarded to the nodes of their own. But if not, it will release that information to the next node of the tree router.

Hybridge Topology

The mixed data communication networks between one or more networks. For accuracy. Depending on your needs and the overall organization.

Home Network

Home  Network

Creating a home network.

 

For houses with many members. And use almost all computers. We are able to build up a home network. Then connect all the computers together. To be able to exchange information between each other and access the Internet just an single county.
Network technology in the home.Because the home is the wiring. Telephone line out already. It can be something that is available to make the network. Eliminating the need for new cabling. Home network technologies can be divided into the following five together.• Ethernet network technology, a Bus.• The Ethernet Technology Network Star.• phone line networking technology.• powerline networking technology.• The wireless network technology.
Networking technology for Ethernet Bus.Network technology, Ethernet and Bus Mult 10Base2 using the Coaxial (cattle Pontiac special) called Thin Coaxial cable or RG-58 (with a resistance of 50 ohms), the overall length of the line from the origin to the destination machine. must not exceed 180 meters, but the model is low cost because it does not require a hub in the middle - a signal.
Ethernet network technology, a Star.Network technology, Ethernet and Star as standard 10BaseT is a form of wired UTP (Unshield Twisted Pair), which is a small line within eight strands twisted together four pairs in the - in the Speed ​​10/100 Mbps with a signal. Base band and the length of each cable line from the hub must not exceed 100 feet (80 meters should be a good way to avoid interference).
Connection is suitable for home use because it can be easy to move the machine and disconnect the Island. As for the cost, since it is very inexpensive 8-port hubs are around 1,000 baht.
Telephone network technologies.Telephone network or telephone lines went Phoneline Network is bringing them home. The connection between computers. Usually it will be phone wiring in every room in the house. We just put a network adapter. Used for connecting to a phone line to plug into. The computer can use it.
Know HomePNA.Organization that looks after the network using standard phone lines will be called HomePNA trusted name www.homepna.org. A source of information about the products used to connect network phone lines in Figure 5.5 transfer speeds - Send information about 10 megabits per second T (10 Mbps) as the technology to be used for qualified Inernet Gateway as the other systems.
Network cables.Network wiring (Powerline Network) or Power Line Communication. Is bringing the power lines went inside to get laid - send data. (User must have a device converts the data from the signal generator) power line networking technology can be - in both the large data files. Including high speed internet surfing 5.4 megabits per second. (On the modem speed is about 56 kilobytes per second), the basic operation of electric network. When the signal is high frequency information from the Internet, which he would send a signal to the local power station. To supply electricity to every home. Users will need a special adapter for plugging into an outlet at home. Then converted - Field signal in both picture and sound from the electrical signals. Then send them to the computer or other electrical unit used to.
Organizations controlled using standard network cables is HomePlug Powerline A lliance by combining the different device manufacturers leading networks such as AMD, CISCO, Compaq, Intel, Motorola, 3COM, etc. have a site name. www.homeplug.org.
The Company's technology is designed Intellon chip (Chip) for embedded computers. And other electrical components of Figure 5.8 to see how technology Intellon Homeplug 1.0 Compliant with speeds up to 14 megabits per second.
Wireless network technology.Wireless network (Wireless) has developed a range of more than five years for the greater good. Do not want to clutter the wiring Portland meeting room VIP customers park or area. Land can not be hardwired. But we take the computer to the user in a broadcast radius. It has a radius ranging from 80 to 400 feet of wireless network technology are two different types.First. HomeRF (Home Radio Frequency).Two. IEEE 802.11.
HomeRF (Home Radio Frequency) is the product of the Group Cayman System, Compaq Ciemens, Intel, Motorola, and Proxim, designed for use at home. Allows us to carry a notebook to work in any room in the home. Or to sit the E-mail and the Internet to find information on home turf it. Land lines are no longer interested in the silk cloth? Because HomeRF systems use frequency 2.4 GHz (Ka Chi Hz) for penetrating walls wall obstacles. In the - information. This system has a radius of about 150 feet with speed - Transfer files to 10 megabits per second by the HomeRF 2.0.
IEEE 802.11b was designed and developed by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE or the I triple E) network is known as IEEE 802.11b Wireless LAN (WLAN) uses radio frequency 2.4 GHz (. shift registers Hz) for - information. This system will have a radius of about 80 to 300 feet from the access point. Or it may be up to 100 meters high - in file 11 megabits per second. Network Wireless Wireless LAN is composed of two parts: the Access Point (access points) and PC cards by the second part is to receive - signal frequency 2.4 GHz agencies have tested and approved these products. the WECA (Wireless Ethernet Compatibility Alliance) has a website www.wi-fi.com. For in wallpaper form. There are two companies involved in the chip design of the two companies.
Security. Receiving - IEEE 802.11b wireless data transmission, there are likely to be intercepted. Capture data as well. So before you get products WiFi security checks. Which is the standard WEP (Wired Equivalent Privacy) is a data encryption (Data Encryption) and 40 to 64-bit and 128-bit encryption to secure the data.
Wireless LAN Speed ​​5 GHz.IEEE 802.11b wireless networking is gaining speed - 5 to 11 megabits per second data transmission and data encryption. There are many manufacturers of the United States and European countries began to develop design standards IEEE 802.11a, which uses radio frequencies 5 GHz (Ka Chi Hz), the material can transmit data at a speed of 22 to 72 MHz. bits per second and supports Quality of Service for multimedia applications such as video with sound. Because the manufacturer states to use 802.11b standard, which is similar to the Ethernet system is Listen before Transmitting or listen before, but use European standard HIPERLAN / 2 in the time slot will be similar to the ATM. difference between the two standards will cause problems for users of the equipment is not available for use in the U.S., Europe and the United States. I can not take it. Equipment in use in Europe as well.